Precision Agriculture: A History of Innovation
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| Precision Agriculture |
Precision agriculture, also known as precision farming or site-specific crop management, is a farming management concept that uses technology to optimize crop yields while reducing costs and environmental impact. The origins of precision agriculture can be traced back to the early 1900s, with the development of technologies such as soil testing and mapping. However, it wasn't until the late 20th century, with the advent of GPS and other digital technologies, that precision agriculture began to take shape as a distinct field.
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| Dr. Richard W. Schaben |
One of the early pioneers in
precision agriculture was Dr. Richard W. Schaben, an agronomist who developed a
soil sampling and mapping system in the 1970s. This system used a grid system
to take soil samples and create maps of soil fertility variations within a
field. This information was then used to create variable-rate fertilizer
application maps, which allowed farmers to apply fertilizer only where it was
needed, rather than broadcasting it over the entire field.
In the 1980s and 1990s, advances
in GPS and other digital technologies allowed for more precise mapping and more
efficient application of inputs such as fertilizers, pesticides, and seeds.
These advances made it possible for farmers to apply inputs at variable rates
based on the needs of specific areas within a field, rather than applying a
one-size-fits-all approach.
In the 1990s, the first
commercial precision agriculture systems began to be introduced. These systems
typically included a GPS receiver, a computer, and software that could process
and analyze the data collected by the GPS receiver. The software was used to
create maps of the field and to generate prescription maps, which could be used
to control the application of inputs.
It's worth noting that precision
agriculture is a rapidly evolving field and new technologies and practices are
continuously being developed and implemented.
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| Satellite images |
Today, precision agriculture
continues to evolve and expand with the use of technologies like drones, sensor
networks, and machine learning. These technologies allow farmers to collect
data on everything from crop health to weather patterns, and to use that data
to make more informed decisions about planting, fertilization, and other
critical aspects of crop management.
One key benefit of precision
agriculture is its ability to reduce the environmental impact of farming. By
applying inputs like fertilizer and pesticides only where they are needed,
precision agriculture can help farmers to reduce the number of chemicals that
enter the environment. Additionally, precision agriculture can help farmers to
use water more efficiently, which is especially important in areas that are
prone to droughts.
In conclusion, precision
agriculture is a rapidly evolving field that has come a long way since its
origins in the early 1900s. With the use of technologies like GPS, drones, and
machine learning, precision agriculture is helping farmers to optimize crop
yields, reduce costs, and minimize environmental impact. As the field continues
to evolve, it's likely that we will see even more innovative and impactful
precision agriculture technologies in the future.
Sources:
"Precision Agriculture"
by J.L. Hatfield, D.E. Bullock, R.L. Hensley, J.L. Baker, and D.D. Tyler.
( https://www.agry.purdue.edu/ext/precision/
)
"Precision Agriculture:
History, Principles, and Implementation" by R.J. Norman, B.J. French and J.L.
Hatfield. ( https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168169917304857
)
"A Brief History of
Precision Agriculture" by J.L. Hatfield, D.E. Bullock, R.L. Hensley, J.L.
Baker, and D.D. Tyler. ( https://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/AS/AS-598-W.pdf
)
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